- AP-238 is an opioid designer drug with similar potency to morphine. It's related to drugs such as azaprocin and bucinnazine.
- It was first discovered in Italy in the 1960s but was never marketed. It appeared on the illicit market around 2020, detected in Slovenia and the USA.
- The IUPAC name for AP-238 is 1-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one.
- Its molecular formula is C18H26N2O, with a molar mass of 286.419 g/mol.
- The CAS number is 140924-11-4 for the (2R,6S) enantiomer
AP-238, as it is a study focused on the human metabolism and pharmacokinetics of this substance. It details the process of identifying markers for AP-238 consumption and the pharmacokinetic evaluation to predict valid biomarkers for the intake of this novel synthetic opioid. Given AP-238's classification as a designer drug, the context of 'health benefits' may not be applicable, as such substances typically do not have recognized therapeutic uses and can be associated with potential harm or abuse
AP-238 is a novel opioid designer drug, often cited as a replacement for 2-methyl-ap-237. It acts primarily as a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist but has relatively low affinity for the δ-opioid receptor and κ-opioid receptor
Potential Effects and Safety AP-238 is several times superior to its predecessor, with minimal side effects reported, though it can become addictive. High doses may lead to respiratory depression and vomiting. Its toxicological and physiological properties have not been thoroughly studied, and it is not intended for human consumption
Contraindications and Conclusion Due to its addictive nature and potential for abuse, caution is advised when handling AP-238. The lack of study on its long-term effects and safety profile means it should be approached with caution, especially since it is not intended for human consumption.
Storage and Handling AP-238 should be stored in a cool, dry place, with a shelf life of up to 2 years under proper storage conditions. It is typically shipped in a double-sealed bag to ensure stability and prevent exposure to outside air
